Analogy as the core of cognition pdf merge

Bottomup processing datadriven processing means that the processing of the stimulus is guided largely by the lowerlevel data, such as features and elements in the pattern itselfthe slanted lines and crossline in the recognition of a. Placing analogy at the core of cognition hofstadter and sander provide a persuasive answer to the question what is thought. Analogy, metaphor, integration ucsd cognitive science. Analogycore of cognition by hofstadter c o r t e x t. Having accepted but wavering as to what to say, i finally chose to. Metaphor and analogy are the sun and moon of legal persuasion. It is the phantom menace of cognitive science literature. The movement was a response to behaviorism, which cognitivists said neglected to explain cognition. Analogy as the core of cognition, plays a significant role in many aspects of our life, including problem solving, decision making, perception, memory, creativity, emotion, explanation and communication.

Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy analogy and analogical reasoning, by paul bartha. The students learn a new conceptualization of the atom. An answer can be provided by combining the transfer of. Through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. Analogy is almost always conceived of by psychologists and cognitive scientists as some kind of advanced or sophisticated mental tool used in problemsolving by specialists in a given domain when all else fails. Hofstadter once upon a time, i was invited to speak at an analogy workshop in the legendary city of sofia in the faroff land of bulgaria. At its surface, analogy is a literary technique a way of communicating an idea that relies on a sophisticated use of language. How does one integrate disparate cues into a global, meaningful whole. Ontology is a formal representation of a set of domain concepts. Lecture schedule analogy as the core of cognition monday, february 6, 2006 at 7.

A limitation of sme is the requirement for complex handcoded representations. With an enjoyable blend of hard science and good storytelling, hofstadter and. Title analogy as the core of cognition mit media lab. One should not think of analogymaking as a special variety of reasoning as in the. A few important definitions and delineations channel their approach. It might be too strong to call it the core, but reasonable to call it central to human cognition. Douglas hofstadter analogy as the core of cognition april 12, 2015 march 19, 2018 emergent cognition project i cant define anything and i kind of hate definitions but i will at least sort of give you a sense. From our analyses, we theorized a merged discourse that explains how the.

We focus on the cognitive largely psychological literature, and do not pursue work in related fields such as artificial intelligence, or related topics such as induction or case based reasoning. In this article, a cognitive model of conceptual design is developed to capture the relationships among design entities, design operations, and cognitive processes. Pdf emmanuel sander is professor of psychology at university of parisviii and in. Computational models of analogy northwestern university. Analogy is the mechanism underlying the myriad instances of concept formation and categorization we perform throughout any day, whether unconscious or explicit, without which there would be no thought. Forbus this volume also appeals for integrating analogy models with models of largescale cognitive processes. Analogy is an inference that if two or more things agree with one another in some respects they will probably agree in others. Analogical reasoning and learning are central to human cognition. Copycat is a model of analogy making and human cognition based on the concept of the parallel terraced scan, developed in 1988 by douglas hofstadter, melanie mitchell, and others at the center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana university bloomington. Having accepted but wavering as to what to say, i finally chose to eschew technicalities and instead to convey a.

Research into analogy only began in the late 1960s and expanded in the. A chapter titled analogy as the core of cognition, written by hofstadter and previously published in the analogical mind. Studying the mental processes known as cognition can make it easier to understand human knowledge and behavior. Integration of memory and reasoning in analogymaking. Dictionary of the history of ideas analogy in patristic and medieval thought. Douglas richard hofstadter born february 15, 1945 is an american scholar of cognitive science, physics, and comparative literature whose research includes concepts such as the sense of self in relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics. There is evidence that processes described by gentners 1983 structuremapping theory of analogy and similarity operate throughout human cognition. Chapter 1definition of cognition flashcards quizlet. Perspectives from cognitive science 2001, appears on the presidential. We should rather combine the piecemeal models developed so far into bigger.

Less than an hour after hofstadters talk, i read this passage in birth of the mind p. The second part addresses the role of analogy in a wide range of cognitive tasks, such as forming complex cognitive structures, conveying emotion, making decisions, and solving problems. In this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in. The most influential work on computational modeling of analogy making is structure mapping theory smt and its implementation in the structure mapping engine sme. Creative patterns and stimulation in conceptual design. Cubberley auditorium, in the school of education 485 lasuen mall, stanford university. In this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in cognition, using a variety of. Vygotskys theory of cognitive development centered on the ideas that social interaction and imaginative play are large contributors to the process of cognitive development in children. Analogy has been the focus of extensive research in cognitive science over the past two decades. If analogy were merely a special variety of something that in itself lies way out on the peripheries, then it would be but an ittybitty blip in the broad blue sky of cognition. He presents an integrated model of commonsense thinking based on analogical reasoning and reasoning from first principles. Analogy making is a highly sophisticated cognitive process in which two. Thus, acquisition of numerical magnitude knowledge can be seen as the common core of numerical development.

Analogy as the fuel and fire of thinking hofstadter, douglas, sander, emmanuel on. This is the first book to span the full range of disciplines concerned with analogy. The cognitive processes of association and analogy seem to play especially large roles in this development. Douglas hofstadter analogy as the core of cognition. You recognize the letter a because of the two slanted lines and crossline. Cognitivism overview in psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s. Retrieval finding something good in memory to make an analogy with mapping finding correspondences between elements of the two analogues transferadaptation using and changing knowledge of one analogue to learn or invent.

Pdf the central role of analogy in cognitive science researchgate. Noted cognitive scientist asserts that analogy is almost. Analogy forms a critical part of the core of cognition. Dedre gentners publications page, most of them on analogy and available for download. The interview is about the analogy as a cognitive capability, its relationship. Analogy as the fuel and fire of thinking is like biting an apple and finding half a worm. Douglas hofstadter director, center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana university the widely known author of godel, escher, bach. A protocol analysis is performed to evaluate the model, and a cognitive experiment carried out to study the creative patterns and stimulating relationships. Metaphor is the sun, according to linguist george lakoff and philosopher mark johnson, because all human thought and expression revolve around it. Our theoretical approach to the problems posed by complexity takes a similar generic form whether the concern is with analogies, prototype examples, schemata, or overall. Although we believe that analogy is indeed a central component of human cognition, it is not quite the exclusive province of our species. When faced with a complex scenario, how does understanding arise in ones mind. Integration of theory and data from the cognitive, computa j tional, and.

Ontology is a formal representation of a set of domain concepts and. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to connect with your account. Its specific explanations differ with various disciplines and subjects. Indeed, a case can be made for analogical processing as the very core of cognition. The shift derives from three new insights from cognitive science.

In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, in which at least one of the premises, or the conclusion, is general rather than particular in nature. Analogy as the core of cognition stanford humanities. Tonights talk, analogy as the core of cognition, was also outside the computer science domain, but my popsci interest in brain books has given me more dots to connect. Analogy and qualitative representations in the companion. Many ai researchers and cognitive scientists have argued that analogy is the core of cognition. A largescale memory chunk can be thought of as being stored in longterm memory as a node.

They are motivated both by their confidence that analogies are a core creation of the human cognition we are interested in. He believed that the social interactions that children engaged in helped them to both discover and create meaning from the things that they discover. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Forbus2 analogical mapping is a core process in human cognition. The original copycat was written in common lisp and is bitrotten as it relies on nowoutdated graphics. Vygotskys theory of cognitive development udemy blog. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Title analogy as the core of cognition speaker douglas hofstadter affiliation center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana. On the other hand, for a scientist 1 can be simply interpreted as a historically important proportional analogy. What do neuroscientists think about douglas hofstadters. The third part looks at the development of analogy in children and the possible use of analogy in nonhuman primates. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new computational model of human chess intuition and intelligence.

Analogy, in its most general sense, is this ability to think about relational patterns. We have two core hypotheses, inspired by research in cognitive science. To me, however, analogy is anything but a bitty blip rather, its the very blue that fills the. A number of valuable computational models of analogy have been created, capturing aspects of how people compare representations, retrieve potential analogs from memory, and learn from the results.

In this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in cognition, using a variety of analogies to illustrate his points. Analogy as the core of cognition stuyvesant high school. A lexical blend occurs when a situation evokes two or more lexical items at. Analogy as the core of cognition stanford presidential lectures. Analogy is a core cognition process used to produce inferences as well as new ideas using previous knowledge and experience. Shawn glynns publications page, all on teaching with analogies and some available for. The process of analogy making can be subdivided into sev eral, interrelated tasks.